Rural development is highly dependent on understanding the importance of business architecture and its connection to local economic strategies; however, the attention given to the long-standing link between indigenous architecture and the rural economy is often overlooked in contemporary research and planning. In this context, the current study analyzed data using SPSS and AMOS via correlation analysis, based on cluster random sampling of 180 rural business owners and producers, utilizing closed-ended questionnaires. By fixing the “Livelihood Housing” factor, two-factor and three-factor development models were compared across three verification levels (unconfirmed, evaluable, and fully confirmed); in the two-factor model section (comprising 8 models), 4 models concerning the relationship between housing and the farm (tourism and creative) were confirmed, whereas 4 other models (involving the relationship between housing and external architecture and supportive development) were not confirmed. In the three-factor model section (15 models), all models related to supportive development and creative farming were confirmed, and except for one case, the majority of models associated with supportive development and tourism farming were also confirmed; conversely, only one model related to supportive development and non-residential architecture was confirmed. Ultimately, the most reliable planning model is the three-factor model comprising development, support, creative farming, and Livelihood housing.

Beekeeping on rangelands is considered as a key approach for sustaining pastoral Livelihood and reducing pressure on grazing lands. Previous studies are mostly focused on the ecological contributors of apiculture and the social criteria are not treated in much detail. The current research, therefore, uses the case of Sarayan Arid Rangelands in northeast Iran to examine the importance of social capital in adaptation of beekeeping as a pastoral Livelihood diversification Strategy. Through a random sampling procedure, 180 herders were selected in the study area. Questionnaires were used to collect data on trusts, collaboration, and solidarity as the main determinants of social capital and also herders' interests in beekeeping. Stepwise linear regression method was employed to estimate the relation between herders' interest in beekeeping and their social capital. The results show that about 33% in variance of motivation on beekeeping as a Livelihood diversification Strategy could be explained by the cooperation, trust, and solidarity among the rangeland users. Therefore, it is vital to introduce policies and measures to support collaboration and social networks among the rangeland users.

Drought is one of the meteorological and inseparable phenomena of climatic conditions in Iran and will have adverse effects. Considering the drought in recent decades and its adverse effects on economy and Livelihoods in Sistan, the purpose of this study is to identify the effects of drought on economic development in cities using FAHP method and to plan a sustainable Livelihood Strategy using FTOPSIS in Sistan region. This study was conducted using a survey method, using questionnaires and interviews with 40 experts and experts. The results indicate that the weight of the options (counties) using the indicators of the effect of drought on the sustainable economic development of the Sistan region was obtained in Nimrooz city with a weight of 0. 28 in the first priority and Hamoon counties, Hirmand, Zahak and Zabul with weights of 0. 24, 0. 22, 0. 13 and 0. 10 in the next rankings. Also, the results of planning optimal sustainable Livelihoods strategies in the face of drought, Nimroz city in the criteria for credit and loan facilities, low-lending and microfinance loans to agricultural affairs, government support of capital In small industries, conversion and handicrafts, through the provision of facilities, prudent and educated manpower, climate change and its effects on agricultural products such as drought, premature weather and environmental threats (drought) compared to other major cities And this has caused the Nimroz County to be in the worst Livelihood terms. These results indicate the lack of efficient management, planning and environmental and economic plans in the region, and it is necessary to pay close attention to this issue. Among the solutions proposed for sustainable development and economic development in Sistan, is the fact that people in the region and farmers are turning to jobs other than agriculture, such as work in the local industries, as well as border markets. Extended Abstract Introduction: Drought is one of the dangers facing human societies, and is one of the most important natural disasters, causing great damage to agriculture and water resources. Drought is also more complex than other natural disasters because it covers a wider geographical area and therefore affects a larger population. On the other hand, drought is one of the most costly natural disasters in terms of reducing agricultural production and severe hardship for farmers. While drought is a normal and reversible phenomenon in the climate, some people mistakenly consider it an accidental and rare occurrence. This phenomenon may occur in all areas, even in the humid and semi-humid regions, although its rate can vary from region to region. In arid and semi-arid regions, the limited water resources have been a limiting factor for the economic growth and development of these areas and are associated with the expansion of deserts. In recent decades, the Sistan region has experienced less drought and severe rainfall than in previous decades. These shortages in the region have caused damage to sectors, including agriculture and natural resources. In addition to the lack of rainfall in the region, the presence of 120-day winds has led to an increase in agricultural risk and has always posed a serious threat to the cultivation of crops. The extent of the damage caused by drought is affected by how it is managed, as in many underdeveloped countries, drought has led to famine and many economic consequences for farmers, who are considered to be vulnerable. They have a special feature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on economic development using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) and optimal sustainable Livelihood Strategy planning in Sistan region using fuzzy TOPSIS method (FTOPSIS). Methodology: In the present study, two methods, FTOPSIS and FAHP, have been used for modeling. Figure (1) and (2) illustrate the implementation algorithm of these two techniques. Results and discussion: A. Investigating the effects of drought on sustainable economic development using fuzzy hierarchical analysis model According to the experts and experts of Sistan region, indicators have been identified for the effects of drought on economic development and have been adapted using the hierarchical analysis model (FAHP) model. Given that the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of drought on the economic development of the region, prioritize and, as can be seen from Figure (4), The effects of drought on the economic development of Sistan region have the greatest impact on the city of Nimroz with the final weight (0. 28) and the cities of Hamoon, Helmand, Zahak and Zabol with the weights of 0. 24, 0. 22, 0. 13 and respectively 0. 10 are next priority. B) Planning for the optimal sustainable Livelihood Strategy in the face of drought in Sistan region As can be seen in Figure (5), The final ranking of the options is shown according to the criteria mentioned in Table (3) for selecting the city for planning in the study area to plan the optimal sustainable Livelihood Strategy in the face of drought. According to it, Nimroz city is in the first priority with weight (0. 51) and Hamoun, Helmand, Zahak and Zabol cities with weights of 0. 43, 0. 39, 0. 38 and 0. 36 are in the second to fourth ranks. have taken. Conclusions: In the present study, to investigate the impact of drought on sustainable economic development from fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP), Also, in order to plan the optimal sustainable Livelihood Strategy in the face of drought for Sistan region, a method similar to fuzzy ideal ideal (FTOPSIS) option has been used. The study criteria and options have been categorized according to previous studies and using the opinion of experts, and the relationships between them have been examined. The results of the study indicate that among the indicators that have been used to investigate the impact of drought on sustainable economic development in Sistan region, The index of declining income and increasing the amount of agricultural debt is superior, and the reason is that the job of most people in the Sistan region is agriculture, so their main income is obtained through this. Now, despite the growing spread of drought in the region, the region is not growing economically, and on the other hand, due to the damage caused by water shortages and drought to farmers' crops, they are no longer able to pay their debts. They are not, and this is a factor that hinders sustainable economic development. On the other hand, the ranking of cities in Sistan region based on the indicators mentioned in Table (2), Nimroz city with the highest ranking with a weight of 0. 28 and Zabol with a weight of 0. 10 low ranked in the impact of drought indicators on sustainable economic development of the region. They have Sistan. Comparing the studied models, it was found that both models are based on the indicators presented in Tables 2 and 3, which are the result of interviews with experts and experts in the region, and according to the research objectives, the impact of drought on sustainable development Economics and planning for optimal sustainable Livelihood Strategy in the face of drought for the Sistan region of Nimroz city is the first priority and Zabol city is the last priority and the reason is the centrality of Zabol city and the distance of Timrooz city from the center of the study area.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search Strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search Strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

Guilan province is one of the hobs of rice production in Iran and most of the irrigation water for paddy fields in this province is supplied through the irrigation and drainage network of Sefidroud River. The decrease in Sefidroud river inflow to Guilan province and the improper management of water resources have caused the water shortage during the agricultural period. This research aimed at identifying and prioritizing drivers that affect the resilience of beneficiaries in Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network against water shortages using the indicators used in related researches and the opinion of sample experts. The sustainable Livelihood is the Strategy considered in designing the decision tree. This comprehensive decision tree includes five criteria, 17 sub-criteria, 55 sub-sub-criteria and 78 sub-sub-sub-criteria. A paired comparison questionnaire is used as the research tool which was completed by 15 sample experts and the collected data of which was analyzed using the gray hierarchical process and Excel software. The results showed that natural capital with a relative weight of 41.91% is the most important driver for the resilience of beneficiaries against water scarcity in Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network. Financial, physical, human, and social capitals were respectively ranked second to fifth. The sub-criteria of the amount of water that can be used for irrigation, the lack of water resources, and the perception of paddy farmers about water scarcity in the future, were identified as highly influential drivers on the resilience of paddy farmers against water scarcity under natural capital with relative weights of 36.67, 33.11, and 31.18 percent, respectively. The research findings can be a way forward in formulating an action plan for the resilience of network operators against water scarcity.

Scholars of the history of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution have studied the economic Causes of that Revolution and emphasized the inefficient role of Macroeconomic Structure, Corruption, budget deficit, lack of economic infrastructure, foreign debt, and the negative consequences of iran’, s orbiting capitalist economic relations. The present article, while confirming the role of the mentioned factors in creating the beginning of the Constitutional Movement in iran, has considered the economic Causes of the Constitutional Revolution from the perspective of the role of Livelihood factors and examines this issue by emphasizing the basic question that: has the living conditions of iran, in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution, influenced the beginning of thr Iranian Constitutional Movement? The hypothesis of the present Study is that the damages caused by irans political economy in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution were significantly reflected in the living conditions of the people and this caused a crisis in Livelihood and consequently general dissatisfaction and revolt and with the unresponsiveness and ineffectiveness of dissatisfaction and revolts, the way has been paved for the Constitutional Revolution. The findings of the study show that The Livelihood crisis provided the basis for the formation of Livelihood riots and subsequent political demands in the Constitutional Revolution. The method of the present study is historical with adescriptive –,analytical approach. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between economic variables and the revolutionary movement of Iranian Constitutionalism.

Since the evaluation of the diversity indicators in consumption of medicinal species by the beneficiary’s households and its driving factors is of utmost importance in marketing, multi-purpose planning of rangelands and sustainable development, a questionary-based study was carried out to determine the diversity indices of medicinal species consumption in settled nomadic communities living under different management and Livelihood situations in the rangelands of Dyvaroeieh in Bardsir township, Kerman province, Iran. To this end, the medicinal species consumed by each household (as a study unit) in addition to the diversity indicators of consumption (i.e., dominance coefficient and Shannon-Weiner index) were evaluated under two management sites comprising Rangeland Management Plan (RMP) (i.e.,Dvyaroeieh 1) and the nearest adjacent rangeland without RMP (i.e., Dyvaroeieh 2, as control treatment ) and three Livelihood levels (i.e., very poor (<50 million Rials monthly income), poor (50-100 million Rials monthly income) and moderate (100-150 million Rials monthly income)) under factorial test in SPSS software environment. The study's results revealed that both of management and Livelihood factors can be applied by manager to increase diversity indices in medicinal plants consumed by beneficiaries. More specifically, management through RMP was more powerful and effective tool in this way. Therefore, it could conceivably be argued that RMP can be considered as a driving factor in increasing the diversity of medicinal plant consumption and also be a suitable platform to meet the needs and demands of rangelands’ beneficiaries in this field.

A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social and environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating sustainable horticulture development strategies and their effect on the sustainable Livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products and their role in the Livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central part of Bandar Gaz city. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts and the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz and Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A random sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, and environmental dimensions, to measure the sustainable Livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social and environmental sustainability is effective in the sustainable Livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' sustainable Livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages and horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security and providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth and agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. Sustainable agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment and uses natural resources better. Sustainable horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, and is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of sustainable agricultural development, considering its nature and the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development compared to agriculture are food supply and welfare facilities, storage and meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection and green cover, air conditioning and increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers and preservation of plant genetic resources. A sustainable Livelihood Strategy is one of the new strategies that can help the villagers' problems. The sustainable Livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural development to reduce and eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is sustainable when it can withstand unexpected pressures and damages and restore itself and improve its capabilities and capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of Bandar Gaz city? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the sustainable Livelihood of rural households. Bandar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern part of Gorgan. In terms of longitude and latitude, it is located between 53 degrees and 51 minutes to 54 degrees and 3 minutes of east longitude and 36 degrees and 39 minutes to 36 degrees and 49 minutes of north latitude. Bandar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical and survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A random sampling method was exerted to select the samples, and 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results and discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate and compare the household's sustainable Livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% and 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of sustainable Livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support and investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, and the amount of unemployed and employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture and the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.